Abstract

The topic of the September Revolution (1961-1975) is considered one of the most important topics in the history
of Kurdistan during the twentieth century. However, many of its aspects remain dark and have not been
researched, including the topic of military plans, which has not been given its due due in historical studies. Therefore,
this study came to fill part of the question. That vacuum, especially in Bahdinan, where the first battles of
the September Revolution took place.
This research is an attempt to explain the methods and military plans of the Peshmerga forces in the battles
that broke out in Bahdinan during the period (1961-1963), during which many battles took place, including:
Gali Zawita, Lumana-Kavlasni, Gali Qantara, Gali Zakho, and Ain Zala operation that The Peshmerga forces
achieved major victories, thanks to the successful military plans drawn up by Mullah Mustafa Barzani and the
Peshmerga leaders. These victories were the reason for the September Revolution to continue until 1975, to cover
a wide geographical area of southern Kurdistan from Zakho to Khanaqin, and to have an impact on the level of
the Kurdish issue internally and externally.

Keywords:

• الثورة,
• revolution,
• شورەش,
• ئەیلوول,
• شەر,
• پێشمەرگە,
• پلان,
• ايلول,
• المعارك,
• البيشمركة,
• الخطط,
• September,
• battles,
• Peshmerga,
• plans